National Council for Graduate Entrepreneurship
Working Paper 034/2007
This series is intended to promote discussion and to provide
information about work in progress. The views expressed are those of the authors.
“The Journey from Student to
Entrepreneur”:
A review of the existing research into graduate
entrepreneurship
Professor Paul D. Hannon
Director of Research and Education
Acs, Z.J., D.B. Audretsch and D.S. Evans, 1994, ‘The Determinants of Variations in Selfemployment Rates across Countries over Time’, mimeo.
Ajzen, I. (1991). “Theory of planned behaviour.” Organizational Behaviour & Human
Decision Processes 50 : 179-211.
Albert, P., R. Fournier, et al. (1991). “Developing entrepreneurial attitudes and
management competence among scientists: the Groupe ESC Lyon's experience.” JERD 3 (4): 349-362.
Alberti, F. (1999). Entrepreneurship education: scope and theory. Entrepreneurial knowledge and learning: conceptual advances and directions for future research . C. Salvato, P. Davidsson and A. Persson. Jonkoping, Jonkoping International Business School. Research Report No. 1999-6 .
Aston, L. and Bekhradnia, B. (2003) “Demand for graduates: a review of the economic
evidence”, London: Higher Education Policy Institute.
Autio, E., R. H. Keeley, et al. (1997). Entrepreneurial intent amongst students: testing an
intent model in Asia, Scandinavia, and USA . Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Bais, J. Van der Hoeven, W. H. M. and Verhoeven, W. H. J. (1995) “Determinanten van
zelfstandig ondernemerschap: een internationale vergelijking”, OSA – werkdocument. Den Haag.
Bandura, A. (1997). “Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.”
Psychological Review 84 : 191-215.
Bates, T. (1995). “Self-employment entry across industry groups.” Journal of Business
Venturing 10 : 143-156.
Bechard, J. P. and J. M. Toulouse (1991). “Entrepreneurship and education: viewpoint
from education.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 9 (1): 3-13.
Bird, B. and M. Jelinek (1988). “The operation of entrepreneurial intentions.”
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice : 21-29.
Birley, S. and P. Westhead (1994). “A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their
impact on firm growth and size.” Journal of Business Venturing 9 : 7-31.
Blanchflower, D. G. and Oswald, A. J. (1998) “What makes an entrepreneur?”, Journal
of Labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60.
Bowen, D. D. and R. D. Hisrich (1986). “The female entrepreneur: a career development
perspective.” Academy of Management Review 11 : 393-407.
Boyd, N. G. and G. S. Vozikis (1994). “The influence of self-efficacy on the development
of entrepreneurial intentions and ideas.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
18 (4): 63-77.
Breen, J. (1999). Smart business operators of the future: best practice in the delivery of
enterprise education . Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand.
Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). “Risk-taking propensity of entrepreneurs.” Academy of
Management Journal 23 (3): 509-520.
Brockhaus, R. H., 1982, ‘The Psychology of the Entrepreneur’, in C. A. Kent, D. L., Sexton and K. H. Vesper (eds.) Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Capon, N., Farley, J. U. and Hoenig, S. (1990) “Determinants of financial performance: a
meta-analysis”, Management Science, 36, 1143-1158.
Chamard, J. (1989). “Public education: its effect on entrepreneurial characteristics.”
Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 6 (2): 23-30.
Charney, A. and G. Libecap (2000). Impact of entrepreneurship education. Insights: A
Kauffman Research Series, Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.
Clark, B. W., C. H. Davis, et al. (1984). “Do courses in entrepreneurship aid in new
venture creation?” Journal of Small Business Management 2: 26-31.
Cooper, D. and Brandts, J. (2004) “Observability and overcoming coordination failure in
organizations”, UFAE and IAE working paper, 630.04.
Council for Industry and Higher Education, (2003) “The value of graduates”, published
by CIHE.
Dainow, R. (1986). “Training and education of entrepreneurs: the current state of the
literature.” JSBE 3 (4): 10-23.
Davidsson, P. (1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. RENT IX Workshop,
Piacenza, Italy.
Dearing, R. (1997) “Higher education in the learning society”, London: DfES.
DfES (2003a) “The future of higher education”, London: DfES.
DfES (2003b) “Twenty first century skills”, London: DfES.
Donkels, R. (1991). “Education and entrepreneurship experiences from secondary and university education in Belgium.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 9(1): 35-42.
Dyer, W. G. (1994). “Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers.” Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice 19 (2): 7-21.
EC (2002) “The Final Report of the Expert Group ‘Best Procedure’ Project on Education
and Training for Entrepreneurship”, November, DG-Enterprise, Brussels.
EC, (2003) Green Paper: Entrepreneurship in Europe. COM (2003) 27 final. Brussels
EC, (2004) “Helping to Create an Entrepreneurial Culture”, DG-Enterprise, Brussels.
EC, (2004) “The European Agenda for Entrepreneurship”, DG-Enterprise, Brussels.
EC, (2004) “Toward and Enterprising Europe”, a paper by the French, German and UK
Governments, January. Brussels.
Etzioni, A., 1987, ‘Entrepreneurship, Adaptation and Legitimation’, Journal of Economic
Behavior and Organization 8, 175-189.
Filion, L. J. (1994). “Ten steps to entrepreneurial teaching.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 11 (3): 68-78.
Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry, (undated) “State of the Art of Entrepreneurship
Education in Europe”, The Entredu project.
Fitzgerald, P. M., D. Murphy, et al. (1984). A case study of training interventions in high
technology entrepreneurship. FER, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Foti, A. and Vivarelli, M. (1994) “An econometric test of the self-employment model: the
case of Italy”, Small Business Economics, 6, 81-93.
Gartner, W. B. (1985). “A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new
venture creation.” Academy of Management Review 10 (4): 696-706.
Gartner, W. B. and K. H. Vesper (1994). “Executive forum: experiments in entrepreneurship education: success and failures.” Journal of Business Venturing 9 (3): 179-187.
Gasse, Y. (1985). A strategy for the promotion and identification of potential entrepreneurs at the secondary school level. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Gasse, Y. and B. Garnier (1994). Teaching entrepreneurship through the media: a
comparative longitudinal evaluative study. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College.
Gibb, A. A. (2002) “Creating conducive environments for learning and entrepreneurship”, Industry and Higher Education, June, 135-148.
Gillin, L. M. (1991). “Entrepreneurship education: the Australian perspective for the nineties.” JSBE 9 (1): 60-72.
Gorman, G., D. Hanlon, et al. (1997). “Some research perspectives on entrepreneurial
education, enterprise education and education for small business management:
a ten year literature review.” International Small Business Journal 15 (3): 56-77.
H.M.Treasury, (2002) “Pre-budget statement”.
Harding, R. (2003) “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor UK”, London Business School.
Hartshorn, C. (2002) “Understanding notions of enterprise in the higher education sector”, Industry and Higher Education, 16(3), 149-158.
Higher Education Funding Council of England. (2004). Higher Education in the United
Kingdom. January 2004. HEFCE. Bristol
Higher Education Statistical Agency. (2004) Destination of full-time first degree graduates, 2003. Department for Education and Skills. Sheffield.
Hofstede, G., 1980, Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related
Values, Cross Cultural Research and Methodology Series Vol. 5, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Hood, J. N. and Young, J. E. (1993) “Entrepreneurship’s requisite areas of development: a survey of top executives in successful entrepreneurial firms”, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 115-135.
Huisman, D. and W. J. de Ridder, 1984, Vernieuwend Ondernemen, Utrecht: SMO ISBA (2004) “The journey from student to entrepreneur”, Final Report to NCGE, September, ISBA and UCE.
Jacobowitz, A. and D. Vilder (1982). “Characteristics of entrepreneurs: implications for
vocational guidance.” Vocational Guidance Quarterly 30 (3): 252-257.
Johannison, B. (1991). “University training for entrepreneurship: Swedish approaches.”
Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 3 (1): 67-82.
Kantor, J. (1988). “Can entrepreneurship be taught? A Canadian experiment.” Journal
of Small Business and Management 5 (4): 12-19.
Kao, R. W. Y. (1994). “From general management to entrepreneurship: the business ('B')
school challenge.” JSBE 11 (2): 4-10.
Kim, M. and J. E. Hunter (1993). “Relationships among attitudes, behavioral intentions,
and behavior.” Communication Research 20 (3): 331-364.
Kourilsky, M. L. (1995). “Entrepreneurship education: opportunity in search of a
curriculum.” Business Education Forum October.
Krueger, N. (1993). “The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perception of new venture feasibility and desirability.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18 (31): 5-21.
Krueger, N. F. and A. Carsrud (1993). “Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behaviour.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 5 (3): 315-330.
Krueger, N. F. and Brazeal, D. V. (1994) “Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104.
Krueger, N., M. D. Reilly, et al. (2000). “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions.”
Journal of Business Venturing 15: 411-432.
Lambert, R. (2003) “Lambert review of business-university collaboration”, London: H.M.Treasury.
Leclerc, W. (1985). “Universities and entrepreneurs.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 3 (2): 41-47.
LTSN/ESECT (2004) “Entrepreneurship and Higher Education”, January, Learning and
Employability, 6.
Lumpkin, G. T. and Dess, G. G. (1996) “Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation
construct and linking it to performance”, Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Matthews, C. B. and S. B. Moser (1996). “A longitudinal investigation of the impact of family background and gender on interest in small firm ownership.” Journal of Small Business Management 34 (2): 29-43.
McClelland, D. C. (1961) “The achieving society”, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
McClelland, D. C. (1976) “The achieving society”, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
McMullan, W. E. and W. A. Long (1987). “Entrepreneurship education in the nineties.” Journal of Business Venturing 2 (3): 261-275.
McMullan, W. E., Chrisman, J. J. and Vesper, K. H. (2002) “Lessons from successful
innovations in entrepreneurial support programming”, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Western Canada: From Family Businesses to Multinationals, ed by Chrisman, J. J., Holbrook, J. A. D. and Chua, J. H., University of Calgary
Press, Calgary, Alberta.
Nehrt, L. C. (1987). “Entrepreneurship education in Bangladesh: a beginning.” JSBM 25
(1): 76-78.
Peterman, N. E. and J. Kennedy (2003). “Enterprise education: influencing students' perceptions of entrepreneurship.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 28 (2): 129-144.
Plaschka, G. R. and H. P. Welsch (1990). “Emerging structures in entrepreneurship education: curricula designs and strategies.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 14 (3): 55-71.
Porter, L. W. and McKibbin, L. E. (1988) “Management education: drift or thrust into the
21st Century?”, New York: McGraw-Hill.
Robinson, P. and M. Haynes (1991). “Entrepreneurship education in America's major universities.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 15 (3): 41-52.
Robinson, P. and W. Long (1992). “Entrepreneurship education in Canadian Universities.” JSBE 10 (1): 61-69.
Robinson, P. B. and E. A. Sexton (1994). “The effect of education and experience on self-employment success.” Journal of Business Venturing 9 (2): 141-156.
Rondstadt, R. (1987) “The educated entrepreneurs: a new era of entrepreneurial education is beginning”, American Journal of Small Business, 11:4
Roquebert, J. Philips, R. L. and Westfall, P. R. (1996) “Markets vs. management: what ‘drives’ profitability?”, Strategic Management Journal, 17, 653-664.
Santarelli, E. and Sterlachini, A. (1994) “New firm formation in Italian industry”, Small Business Economics, 6, 95-106.
Scherer, R. F., J. S. Adams, et al. (1989). “Role model performance effects on development of entrepreneurial career preference.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 13 (3): 53-71.
Scott, M. G. (1988). Aspects of the long-term supply of entrepreneurs: the UK experience of encouraging graduate enterprise . FER, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Scott, M. G. and D. F. Twomey (1988). “The long-term supply of entrepreneurs: students' career aspirations in relation to entrepreneurship.” Journal of Small Business
Management 26 (4): 5-13.
Shapero, A. (1975) “The displaced, uncomfortable entrepreneur”, Psychology Today, 9
(Nov), 83-88.
Shapero, A. (1985) “The entrepreneurial event”, Enterprise, February, 5-9.
Shapero, A. and L. Sokol, 1982, ‘The Social Dimensions of Entrepreneurship’ in C. A.
Kent, D. L., Sexton and K. H. Vesper (eds.) Encyclopaedia of Entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, Inc., pp. 72-90.
Singh, J. B. (1990). “Entrepreneurship education as a catalyst of development in the
third world.” JSBE 7 (4): 56-63.
Small Business Service (2004). Household Survey 2003. DTI. Sheffield
Solomon, G. T. and L. W. Fernald, Jr. (1991). “Trends in small business management and entrepreneurship education in the United States.” Entrepreneurship Theory and
Practice 13 (3): 25-39.
Solomon, G. T., S. Duffy, and Tarabishy, A. (2002). “The state of entrepreneurship education in the United States: a nationwide study and analysis.” International Journal of Entrepreneurship Education 1 (1): 1-22. Senate Hall Academic Publishing.
Solomon, G. T., Weaver, K. M. and Fernald, L. W., Jr. (1994) “Pedagogical methods of
teaching entrepreneurship: an historical perspective”, Gaming and Simulation, 25(3).
Stanworth J and Curran J. (1973). Management Motivation in the Smaller Business.
Gower Publishing. Aldershot
Stanworth, J. and C. Gray (1992). “Entrepreneurship and education: action-based research with training policy implications in Britain.” ISBJ 10 (2): 11-23.
Timmons, J. A. (1994). New venture creation: entrepreneurship for the 21st century . Burr Ridge, Irwin.
Van Clouse, G. H. (1990). “A controlled experiment relating entrepreneurial education to students' start-up decisions.” JSBM 28 (2): 45-53.
Van de Ven, A. H., R. Hudson, et al. (1984). “Designing new business startups: entrepreneurial, organizational and ecological considerations.” Journal of Management 10 (1): 87-107.
Van Praag, M. C. (1996) “Determinants of successful entrepreneurship”, Thesis Publishers, Amsterdam.
Van Praag, M. C. and Hans Van Ophem (1995). “Determinants of willingness and
opportunity to start as an entrepreneur.” Kyklos 48 (4): 513-540.
Van Uxem, F. W. and Bais, J. (1996) “Het starten van een bedrijf: Ervaringen 2000
Starters, EIM, Zoetermeer.
Vesper, K. H. and W. E. McMullan (1988). “Entrepreneurship: today courses, tomorrow
degrees?” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 13 (1): 7-13.
Vesper, K. H., W. E. McMullan, et al. (1989). “Entrepreneurship education: more than just an adjustment to management education.” ISBJ 8 (1): 61-65.
Wit, G., de (1993) “Models of self-employment in a competitive market”, Journal of
Economic Surveys, 7, 367-397.
Wyckham, R. G. (1989). “Assessing the impact of entrepreneurial education: Canada
and Latin America.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 6 (4): 7-19.
Zeithaml, C. P. and G. H. Rice (1987). “Entrepreneurship/small business education in American universities.” Journal of Small Business Management 25 (1): 44-50.
Working Paper 034/2007
This series is intended to promote discussion and to provide
information about work in progress. The views expressed are those of the authors.
“The Journey from Student to
Entrepreneur”:
A review of the existing research into graduate
entrepreneurship
Professor Paul D. Hannon
Director of Research and Education
Acs, Z.J., D.B. Audretsch and D.S. Evans, 1994, ‘The Determinants of Variations in Selfemployment Rates across Countries over Time’, mimeo.
Ajzen, I. (1991). “Theory of planned behaviour.” Organizational Behaviour & Human
Decision Processes 50 : 179-211.
Albert, P., R. Fournier, et al. (1991). “Developing entrepreneurial attitudes and
management competence among scientists: the Groupe ESC Lyon's experience.” JERD 3 (4): 349-362.
Alberti, F. (1999). Entrepreneurship education: scope and theory. Entrepreneurial knowledge and learning: conceptual advances and directions for future research . C. Salvato, P. Davidsson and A. Persson. Jonkoping, Jonkoping International Business School. Research Report No. 1999-6 .
Aston, L. and Bekhradnia, B. (2003) “Demand for graduates: a review of the economic
evidence”, London: Higher Education Policy Institute.
Autio, E., R. H. Keeley, et al. (1997). Entrepreneurial intent amongst students: testing an
intent model in Asia, Scandinavia, and USA . Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Bais, J. Van der Hoeven, W. H. M. and Verhoeven, W. H. J. (1995) “Determinanten van
zelfstandig ondernemerschap: een internationale vergelijking”, OSA – werkdocument. Den Haag.
Bandura, A. (1997). “Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change.”
Psychological Review 84 : 191-215.
Bates, T. (1995). “Self-employment entry across industry groups.” Journal of Business
Venturing 10 : 143-156.
Bechard, J. P. and J. M. Toulouse (1991). “Entrepreneurship and education: viewpoint
from education.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 9 (1): 3-13.
Bird, B. and M. Jelinek (1988). “The operation of entrepreneurial intentions.”
Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice : 21-29.
Birley, S. and P. Westhead (1994). “A taxonomy of business start-up reasons and their
impact on firm growth and size.” Journal of Business Venturing 9 : 7-31.
Blanchflower, D. G. and Oswald, A. J. (1998) “What makes an entrepreneur?”, Journal
of Labor Economics, 16(1), 26-60.
Bowen, D. D. and R. D. Hisrich (1986). “The female entrepreneur: a career development
perspective.” Academy of Management Review 11 : 393-407.
Boyd, N. G. and G. S. Vozikis (1994). “The influence of self-efficacy on the development
of entrepreneurial intentions and ideas.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice
18 (4): 63-77.
Breen, J. (1999). Smart business operators of the future: best practice in the delivery of
enterprise education . Small Enterprise Association of Australia and New Zealand.
Brockhaus, R. H. (1980). “Risk-taking propensity of entrepreneurs.” Academy of
Management Journal 23 (3): 509-520.
Brockhaus, R. H., 1982, ‘The Psychology of the Entrepreneur’, in C. A. Kent, D. L., Sexton and K. H. Vesper (eds.) Encyclopedia of Entrepreneurship, Englewood Cliffs, NJ:
Prentice-Hall, Inc.
Capon, N., Farley, J. U. and Hoenig, S. (1990) “Determinants of financial performance: a
meta-analysis”, Management Science, 36, 1143-1158.
Chamard, J. (1989). “Public education: its effect on entrepreneurial characteristics.”
Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 6 (2): 23-30.
Charney, A. and G. Libecap (2000). Impact of entrepreneurship education. Insights: A
Kauffman Research Series, Kauffman Center for Entrepreneurial Leadership.
Clark, B. W., C. H. Davis, et al. (1984). “Do courses in entrepreneurship aid in new
venture creation?” Journal of Small Business Management 2: 26-31.
Cooper, D. and Brandts, J. (2004) “Observability and overcoming coordination failure in
organizations”, UFAE and IAE working paper, 630.04.
Council for Industry and Higher Education, (2003) “The value of graduates”, published
by CIHE.
Dainow, R. (1986). “Training and education of entrepreneurs: the current state of the
literature.” JSBE 3 (4): 10-23.
Davidsson, P. (1995). Determinants of entrepreneurial intentions. RENT IX Workshop,
Piacenza, Italy.
Dearing, R. (1997) “Higher education in the learning society”, London: DfES.
DfES (2003a) “The future of higher education”, London: DfES.
DfES (2003b) “Twenty first century skills”, London: DfES.
Donkels, R. (1991). “Education and entrepreneurship experiences from secondary and university education in Belgium.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 9(1): 35-42.
Dyer, W. G. (1994). “Toward a theory of entrepreneurial careers.” Entrepreneurship
Theory and Practice 19 (2): 7-21.
EC (2002) “The Final Report of the Expert Group ‘Best Procedure’ Project on Education
and Training for Entrepreneurship”, November, DG-Enterprise, Brussels.
EC, (2003) Green Paper: Entrepreneurship in Europe. COM (2003) 27 final. Brussels
EC, (2004) “Helping to Create an Entrepreneurial Culture”, DG-Enterprise, Brussels.
EC, (2004) “The European Agenda for Entrepreneurship”, DG-Enterprise, Brussels.
EC, (2004) “Toward and Enterprising Europe”, a paper by the French, German and UK
Governments, January. Brussels.
Etzioni, A., 1987, ‘Entrepreneurship, Adaptation and Legitimation’, Journal of Economic
Behavior and Organization 8, 175-189.
Filion, L. J. (1994). “Ten steps to entrepreneurial teaching.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 11 (3): 68-78.
Finnish Ministry of Trade and Industry, (undated) “State of the Art of Entrepreneurship
Education in Europe”, The Entredu project.
Fitzgerald, P. M., D. Murphy, et al. (1984). A case study of training interventions in high
technology entrepreneurship. FER, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Foti, A. and Vivarelli, M. (1994) “An econometric test of the self-employment model: the
case of Italy”, Small Business Economics, 6, 81-93.
Gartner, W. B. (1985). “A conceptual framework for describing the phenomenon of new
venture creation.” Academy of Management Review 10 (4): 696-706.
Gartner, W. B. and K. H. Vesper (1994). “Executive forum: experiments in entrepreneurship education: success and failures.” Journal of Business Venturing 9 (3): 179-187.
Gasse, Y. (1985). A strategy for the promotion and identification of potential entrepreneurs at the secondary school level. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College, Wellesley, MA.
Gasse, Y. and B. Garnier (1994). Teaching entrepreneurship through the media: a
comparative longitudinal evaluative study. Frontiers of Entrepreneurship Research, Babson College.
Gibb, A. A. (2002) “Creating conducive environments for learning and entrepreneurship”, Industry and Higher Education, June, 135-148.
Gillin, L. M. (1991). “Entrepreneurship education: the Australian perspective for the nineties.” JSBE 9 (1): 60-72.
Gorman, G., D. Hanlon, et al. (1997). “Some research perspectives on entrepreneurial
education, enterprise education and education for small business management:
a ten year literature review.” International Small Business Journal 15 (3): 56-77.
H.M.Treasury, (2002) “Pre-budget statement”.
Harding, R. (2003) “Global Entrepreneurship Monitor UK”, London Business School.
Hartshorn, C. (2002) “Understanding notions of enterprise in the higher education sector”, Industry and Higher Education, 16(3), 149-158.
Higher Education Funding Council of England. (2004). Higher Education in the United
Kingdom. January 2004. HEFCE. Bristol
Higher Education Statistical Agency. (2004) Destination of full-time first degree graduates, 2003. Department for Education and Skills. Sheffield.
Hofstede, G., 1980, Culture’s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related
Values, Cross Cultural Research and Methodology Series Vol. 5, Newbury Park, CA: Sage Publications.
Hood, J. N. and Young, J. E. (1993) “Entrepreneurship’s requisite areas of development: a survey of top executives in successful entrepreneurial firms”, Journal of Business Venturing, 8, 115-135.
Huisman, D. and W. J. de Ridder, 1984, Vernieuwend Ondernemen, Utrecht: SMO ISBA (2004) “The journey from student to entrepreneur”, Final Report to NCGE, September, ISBA and UCE.
Jacobowitz, A. and D. Vilder (1982). “Characteristics of entrepreneurs: implications for
vocational guidance.” Vocational Guidance Quarterly 30 (3): 252-257.
Johannison, B. (1991). “University training for entrepreneurship: Swedish approaches.”
Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 3 (1): 67-82.
Kantor, J. (1988). “Can entrepreneurship be taught? A Canadian experiment.” Journal
of Small Business and Management 5 (4): 12-19.
Kao, R. W. Y. (1994). “From general management to entrepreneurship: the business ('B')
school challenge.” JSBE 11 (2): 4-10.
Kim, M. and J. E. Hunter (1993). “Relationships among attitudes, behavioral intentions,
and behavior.” Communication Research 20 (3): 331-364.
Kourilsky, M. L. (1995). “Entrepreneurship education: opportunity in search of a
curriculum.” Business Education Forum October.
Krueger, N. (1993). “The impact of prior entrepreneurial exposure on perception of new venture feasibility and desirability.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 18 (31): 5-21.
Krueger, N. F. and A. Carsrud (1993). “Entrepreneurial intentions: applying the theory of planned behaviour.” Entrepreneurship and Regional Development 5 (3): 315-330.
Krueger, N. F. and Brazeal, D. V. (1994) “Entrepreneurial potential and potential entrepreneurs”, Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 18(3), 91-104.
Krueger, N., M. D. Reilly, et al. (2000). “Competing models of entrepreneurial intentions.”
Journal of Business Venturing 15: 411-432.
Lambert, R. (2003) “Lambert review of business-university collaboration”, London: H.M.Treasury.
Leclerc, W. (1985). “Universities and entrepreneurs.” Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship 3 (2): 41-47.
LTSN/ESECT (2004) “Entrepreneurship and Higher Education”, January, Learning and
Employability, 6.
Lumpkin, G. T. and Dess, G. G. (1996) “Clarifying the entrepreneurial orientation
construct and linking it to performance”, Academy of Management Review, 21(1), 135-172.
Matthews, C. B. and S. B. Moser (1996). “A longitudinal investigation of the impact of family background and gender on interest in small firm ownership.” Journal of Small Business Management 34 (2): 29-43.
McClelland, D. C. (1961) “The achieving society”, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
McClelland, D. C. (1976) “The achieving society”, Princeton, NJ: Van Nostrand.
McMullan, W. E. and W. A. Long (1987). “Entrepreneurship education in the nineties.” Journal of Business Venturing 2 (3): 261-275.
McMullan, W. E., Chrisman, J. J. and Vesper, K. H. (2002) “Lessons from successful
innovations in entrepreneurial support programming”, Innovation and Entrepreneurship in Western Canada: From Family Businesses to Multinationals, ed by Chrisman, J. J., Holbrook, J. A. D. and Chua, J. H., University of Calgary
Press, Calgary, Alberta.
Nehrt, L. C. (1987). “Entrepreneurship education in Bangladesh: a beginning.” JSBM 25
(1): 76-78.
Peterman, N. E. and J. Kennedy (2003). “Enterprise education: influencing students' perceptions of entrepreneurship.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 28 (2): 129-144.
Plaschka, G. R. and H. P. Welsch (1990). “Emerging structures in entrepreneurship education: curricula designs and strategies.” Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice 14 (3): 55-71.
Porter, L. W. and McKibbin, L. E. (1988) “Management education: drift or thrust into the
21st Century?”, New York: McGraw-Hill.
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