Kuvat Margit Mannila
Yrittäjyyteen liittyy sitkeä käsitys siitä, että yrittäjät ovat riskinottajia tai pelureita. Toki heitäkin varmasti joukkoon mahtuu. Käsitys, yrittäjästä riskinottajana, on tullut esiin jo hyvin varhaisissa yrittäjyyden määritelmissä, joista ensimmäisiä edustaa Richard Cantillon 1700-luvulla lanseeraama ajatus yrittäjästä riskinottajana. (Ks. linkki englanninkielisestä tekstistä.) Asia ei toki liene ihan yksiviivainen, vaikka yrittäjäominaisuuksia on yritetty selvittää ja etenkin menestyvän yrittäjän urapolkua tarkastella tieteellisessä tutkimuksessakin jo varsin pitkään ja perusteellisesti. Tänän liittyen yrittäjätyyppejä on tarkasteltu mm. piirreteorioiden avulla. Yrittäjältä vaaditaan toki kykyä ja halua ottaa riskiä tietyssä määrin. Mutta se käsitys, että yrittäjät saisivat kiksit pelkästään riskinottamista ei pidä paikkaansa. Käytännössä, koska yrittäjät joutuvat, liiketoimintaa aloittaessaan yleensä riskeeraamaan väistämättä oman aikansa, omaisuutensa ja kyvykkyytensä, ovat he useimmiten huomattavasti konservatiivisempia rahankäyttäjiä ja riskinottajia kuin pankinjohtajat.
Ehkä enemmäkin voisi sanoa, että yrittäjyyteen liittyy aina riskiä ja että yrittäjät ovat harkitun, hallitun ja tarkoituksenmukaisen liiketoimintariskin ottajia. Jokainen järkevä ja menestyvä yrittäjä tekee laskelmia. Silloinkin, kun he väittävät, että päättävät asian intuitiolla. Päätöksenteon pohjalla ovat lakselmat ja kokemuksen tuoma näkemys.
“Don’t think of what others think of you, think about the purpose or the outcomes you want.”
— Susan Desmond-Hellmann, UCSF Chancellor
— Susan Desmond-Hellmann, UCSF Chancellor
Entrepreneurs and risks is an interesting and current topic. Very often entrepreneurs are said to be risk takers. People argue even as if some people are born with risk taking. But is this true? Not really. Risk taking can be kind of must for entrepreneurs, but passion it is not. Why do people then think that entrepreneurs are risk takers? Maybe it is simply because every group has its own mythology. For
entrepreneurs, the prevailing mythos is that, to a person, they are all
daredevil adventurers. Of course one big thing behind risk taker -thinking is Richard Cantillon. "Cantillon visualizes the entrepreneur as being a risk-taker, dealing
with uncertain returns in a market where prices and quantities are
non-fixed and unknown. This bearing of risk, on the part of the
entrepreneur, is what warrants him an appropriate profit in exchanges
with willing buyers. Cantillon went on to explain production and risk,
and championed the notion of the entrepreneur as one who, in the pursuit
of profit, allocates resources based upon market demand." (Source)
Source: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/effectuation02-121029011833-phpapp01/95/effectuation-02-28-638.jpg?cb=1351473633 (17.2.2016) Original source: Effectual entrepreneruship, page 25.
Source: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/effectuation02-121029011833-phpapp01/95/effectuation-02-28-638.jpg?cb=1351473633 (17.2.2016) Original source: Effectual entrepreneruship, page 25.
Chandra Clarke argues that the truth is that real entrepreneurs only take calculated risks. Even the ones who appear to do everything on intuition are really just very, very well-versed in their fields and can do the math in their heads, while the rest of us have to commit it to paper. (Read more here)
Source http://cdn.yourarticlelibrary.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/clip_image002114.jpg (16.2.2016).
Article Importance of Risk Taking Abilities for Entrepreneurs .(16.2.2016).
Hugo A. Hopenhayn and Galina Vereshchagina (2003). Risk Taking by Entrepreneurs. Working Paper No. 500, UNIVERSITY OF
ROCHESTER, April 2003. (PDF)
LESLIE E.PALICH & D. RAY BAGBY. (1995) USING COGNITIVE THEORY TO EXPLAIN ENTREPRENEURIAL RISK-TAKING: CHALLENGING CONVENTIONAL WISDOM. Journal
of Business Venturing 10,425-438 (PDF) Within their abstract Hopenhyan and Vereshchagina (2003) sum up that: "Though it occupies the center of most definitions of entrepreneurship, the concept of risk-taking and its linkages with other constructs (most notably personal traits) have been difficult to capture. As a result, it has been difficult to explain why entrepreneurs rush in to take advantage of opportunities that others fail to see or act upon. However, research on social cognition may shed new light on these challenging issues (Shaver and Scott 1991), providing useful frameworks that differentiate entrepreneurs from others while predicting differences in risk-taking behavior."
HBR by Deborah Mills-Scofield : Are entrepreneurs really more comfortable with risk?
Block, J.H., Sandner, P. & Spiegel, F. (2010) Do risk attitudes differ within the group of entrepreneurs? (PDF)
From employee to entrepreneur: I was never quite the risk-taker.
Katy Finneran: The greatest risks they ever took. A very interesting article!
Entrepreneurs are serial risk takers, not gamblers.
Risk in entrepreneurship
The entrepreneur, risk taking and the profit motive
Two qualities of risk-taking entrepreneurs
"Many of people think risk – taking is extreme risking, but entrepreneurs intend to receive medium and rational risks." (PDF)
Naga Lakshmi Damaraju, Jay Barney & Gregory Dess (2010) STIGMA AND ENTREPRENEURIAL RISK TAKING. (PDF)HBR by Deborah Mills-Scofield : Are entrepreneurs really more comfortable with risk?
Block, J.H., Sandner, P. & Spiegel, F. (2010) Do risk attitudes differ within the group of entrepreneurs? (PDF)
From employee to entrepreneur: I was never quite the risk-taker.
Katy Finneran: The greatest risks they ever took. A very interesting article!
Entrepreneurs are serial risk takers, not gamblers.
Risk in entrepreneurship
The entrepreneur, risk taking and the profit motive
Two qualities of risk-taking entrepreneurs
"Many of people think risk – taking is extreme risking, but entrepreneurs intend to receive medium and rational risks." (PDF)
Entrepreneur: Barbara Corcoran on Risk-Taking, Failure and How to Get Back Up (Video)
Do You Really Know Bill Gates? The Myth of Entrepreneur as Risk-Taker
Source http://www.relatably.com/q/img/risk-quotes-business/926865_302643233272096_2042327810_n.jpg (16.2.2016).
(Edit 17.2.2016)
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