Source: Bunge Mario (Eds.) (1967). Scientific Research I The Search for System.Berlin: Springer-Verlag Substantive or object problems (Ex.: How many A's are there ?) Scientific problems How shall we count A's?) (Bunge 1967, 184) Table 4.2. Substantive problems 1. Empirical problems 1.1. Data finding: characterizing objects of experience 1.1.1. Observing 1.1.2. Counting 1.1.3. Measuring 1.2. Making: constructing and calibrating insturumnents, preparing drugs, etc. 2. Conceptual problems 2.1. Describing: characterizing individuals and classes 2.2. Arranging: Classing and orering sets 2.3. Elucidating: interpreting signs and refining concepts 2.4. Deducing 2.4.1. Computing (e.g., finding the value of a variable) 2.4.2. Proving a theorem 2.4.3. Checking a solution 2.4.4. Explaining: accounting for facts and empirical generalizations in terms of theories 2.4.5. Projecting: predicting or retrodicting facts 2.5. Building: inventing ideas 2.5.1. Introd...
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